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      Welcome!   03/05/2016

      Welcome, everyone, to the new 910CMX Community Forums. I'm still working on getting them running, so things may change.  If you're a 910 Comic creator and need your forum recreated, let me know and I'll get on it right away.  I'll do my best to make this new place as fun as the last one!
Illjwamh

This Day In History

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2 hours ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

In Death Sentence, did anyone even attempt to talk to the boar in Spanish before Grace broke out the Pig Latin?

Some hapless jogger told it, "Madre del Dios!" before he ran off. This only served to confuse the poor boar. It spent several minutes looking for the lady pig the human was talking to but couldn't find her.

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Double Feature!

On May 31 in History:

455 - While fleeing Rome, Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob. Look, guys, if you're not going to take this whole "Emperor" thing seriously, just stop. You're ruining the word for the rest of us.

1578 - Henry III lays the first stone of what is now the oldest bridge in Paris, appropriately titled "New Bridge".

1859 - The clock tower housing Big Ben at the British Houses of Parliament begins keeping time. What they were using it for before this is anyone's guess.

1911 - The Titanic is launched in Belfast. I tell you this ship has a bright future ahead of her!

1911 again - Mexican President Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the revolution. He is lucky enough to avoid being stoned to death by an angry mob.

1977 - The Sex Pistols troll the British establishment so hard that people who only read headlines are left wondering why on Earth the BBC has just banned the national anthem from its airwaves.

2005 - The secret identity of Watergate informant Deep Throat is finally revealed to be who pretty much everybody already thought it was.

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11 hours ago, Illjwamh said:

troll the British establishment

King George, he had a date
He was out very late
He was the King.
Queen Mary paced the floor
King George came in at four
She me-et hi-im at the door
God Save The King!

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May 31 in EGS History:

2006 - Sarah and Elliot kiss, then Elliot falls off the couch.

2010 - Susan remembers killing the vampire in France with an axe. I have to question her choice of weapons; while the axe is great for hitting enemies overhead, for fighting a vampire at close range you really want a fully powered-up whip.

2012 - Grace tells Jim Tolkiberry, the owner of Salty Crackers, that Grace is hired.

 

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June 01

193 – The Roman emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated... Is there any date on the calendar when a Roman Emperor was NOT attacked, arrested, assassinated, poisoned, stabbed, stoned...?

1495 – John Cor, a Tironensian monk and possible alchemist at Lindores Abbey in Fife, Scotland, records the first known batch of Scotch whisky by order of King James IV.  The auld country would ne'er be the same.

1533 – Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.  But how long would she have a place to wear that crown?

1670 – In Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.  Apparently the treaty wasn't so secret.  Otherwise, the English could have denied the treaty and avoided going Dutch Treat.

1779 – Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.  The actual trial will be delayed and a verdict won't be returned for nearly a year. But this won't contribute to the frustration of a military commander who has already been passed over for promotion and is disliked by other military officers and politicians.

1890 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.  Because humans can no longer count without mechanical assistance.

1974 – The Heimlich maneuver is published in the journal Emergency Medicine.  Leaves you all chocked up just thinking about it.

1990 – Cold War: George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.  A nice gesture.  Now how about those darn Nuclear weapons?

2001 – The first World Milk Day by order of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.  This goes especially well with National Doughnut Day, celebrated on the first Friday of June since 1938.  I think I've milked this for all it's worth.

Edited by Pharaoh RutinTutin
Posted before I was finished writing

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June 02

455 – Vandals (the Germanic tribe, not random saboteurs) enter Rome, and for two weeks plunder the city.  Afterwards, they carry away their ill gotten gains in the appropriately named Sack of Rome.

1763 – Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.  Today, the site of the old fort contains the southern foundation of the Mackinac Bridge,  historic reconstructions of several buildings and palisades from the original fort Michilimackinac, and a day park with a lovely view of nearby Mackinac Island.  What it does not have in any form is a Lacrosse Field.

1835 – P. T. Barnum and his circus start their first tour of the United States.  Through a series of mergers with the circuses of James Anthony Bailey and the Ringling Brothers, Barnum's show would continue to perform until rising costs, lower attendance, and vocal opposition to performing and working animals (particularly Elephants) would force the show's closure in 2017.  Will people even remember that the Circus was a finely honed instrument that could arrive by train or wagon on one day, have the Big Top up with two shows a day the next day, and then just as quickly break down and be on their way to the next town?  For too many, "Circus" has become an adjective describing inefficient businesses or government institutions.  And this is sad because the historic Circus was organized chaos that brought joy and thrills to entire nations, one small town at a time.  (Sorry, about the tone.  The Feld Entertainment Group, the last owners of the Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus, were my neighbors.  I took the demise of the Circus rather personally.)

1896 – Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his wireless telegraph.  -... ..- - / .-- .... --- / .-. . .- .-.. .-.. -.-- / -. . . -.. ... / - --- / -.-. --- -- -- ..- -. .. -.-. .- - . / .-- .. - .... --- ..- - / .-- .. .-. . ...  But who really needs to communicate without wires?

1910 – Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane. If he had double checked his carry-on before taking off, he wouldn't have needed to turn around before getting to his destination.

1919 – Anarchists simultaneously set off bombs in eight separate U.S. cities.  That seems a little too well organized to be anarchy.

1953 – The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, who is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories & Head of the Commonwealth.  Among the earliest major international events to be televised.  The BBC broadcast the event live in the UK, and sent film via jet to Canada for the CBC.  The established CBS and NBC networks in the US had arranged for film to be sent to the US by propeller plane.  The struggling ABC network in the US arranged to use the CBC coverage, feeding the CBC's signal from Toronto through Buffalo.  Beating CBS and NBC to air in the United States at a lower cost.

1962 – During the 1962 FIFA World Cup, police had to intervene multiple times in fights between Chilean and Italian players in one of the most violent games in football history.  Boys, if you can't play nice, FIFA will take the ball away and go home.  Although a war might be less damaging in the long run.

1967 – It was fifty one years ago today.  Well, 51years ago in The United States.  Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles is released in the United States.

Also, June 02 is the feast of St Elmo, which does NOT involve tickling.

Edited by Pharaoh RutinTutin
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1 hour ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

1967 – It was fifty one years ago today.  Well, 51years ago in The United States.  Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles is released in the United States.

So let me introduce to you, the one and only Pharaoh, and Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band.

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June 03

1781 – Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.  So why are the successful "Midnight Rides" of the American Revolution relegated to historical footnotes, while the less than successful ride of Paul Revere becomes the stuff of poetic legend?

1927 – Birth of Boots Randolph, American saxophonist and composer of Yakety Sax.  No Benny Hill show or chase scene would be complete without this maestro's work.

1943 – The original Zoot Suit Riots.  In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in Zoot Suits.   Officials try to put the blame on Axis or Communist agitators.  Certainly it couldn't be because young and underprivileged people in an overcrowded city took a stand against transient strangers in uniform who would treat the locals like criminals.

Also, June 03 is the Feast of St Kevin, just in case you meet any talking wands worth venerating.

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June 04

1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.  Always nice to receive permission to do what you have been doing all along using the local molds that don't grow anywhere else.

1783 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon) in Annonay.  Note that they did not take their first flight in Paris, or any other capital city.  They could not risk uncontrolled gusts of hot air.

1784 – Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude.  I'm not certain if I should be angry that it took a year before a woman was allowed to fly in a balloon, or if I should be amazed that it ONLY took a year before a woman was allowed to fly in a balloon.

1855 – Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the USS Supply to procure camels to establish the U.S. Camel Corps.  SPOILER ALERT:  Camels are NOT the same as horses or mules.  The rank and file of the US Army did not know how to handle them requiring further training and diversion of other resources in the Quartermaster Corps.  And the biggest supporter of the idea, Secretary of War Jefferson Davis (Yes, THAT Jefferson Davis), eventually left US government work to pursue other interests.

1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.  The British Empire expands its influence while making the Ottoman Empire look like the dominating foreign power?  Brilliant!

1940 – World War II:  Following the Dunkirk evacuation, Winston Churchill delivers his famous "We shall fight on the beaches" speech.  If only that war could have been fought with rhetoric alone.

1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.  This enconter does not go quite as well for the Imperial Navy as the earlier attack on Pearl Harbor.

1944 – World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.  On 05 June, 1944, this story would dominate the headlines of newspapers in Allied countries around the world.  On 06 June, this story would be largely forgotten.

Edited by Pharaoh RutinTutin
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1 hour ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

1944 – World War II: Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.  On 05 June, 1944, this story would dominate the headlines of newspapers in Allied countries around the world.  On 06 June, this story would be largely forgotten.

How fickle fame.

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On June  in History:

70 - Titus and his legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem. Quoth Jerusalemites: "Again?"

1829 - The HMS Pickle captures a slave ship off of Cuba. Meanwhile, the HMS Grilled Onion is busy chasing seagulls or something.

1832 - A revolt breaks out in Paris to overthrow the monarchy of a guy named Louis. Really, you could guess this for any year between 1780 and 1880 and have a good chance of getting it right.

1851 - Some SJW lady writes a book about a guy named Tom and his cabin that's supposed to make us feel bad or something. Liberals, amirite?

1915 - Denmark grants women the right to vote. No doubt they are retroactively inspired by the bastion of freedom / greatest country on Earth that will do the same a little over five years later.

1916 - The Arab Revolt begins against the Ottoman Empire. A white guy will get most of the credit.

1944 - German gun emplacements are bombarded by over 5,000 tons of bombs from more than 1,000 airplanes along the Normandy coast. Just routine stuff. Totally not planning anything for tomorrow.

1947 - George Marshall convinces everyone that maybe letting a war-torn Europe wallow in economic devastation isn't a good idea. Because, you know, it worked so well the first time.

1956 - Elvis Presley scandalizes a bunch of old Puritan weirdos by wiggling his hips a little on TV.

1963 - Massive protests against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by the Shah of Iran result in confrontations between demonstrators and tanks (and paratroopers). It's probably nothing to worry about.

1967 - The Six Day War begins between Israel on one side and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria on the other. Wait for it...

1968 - Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy is shot. Among other things, this leaves us with President Richard Nixon. So a shit day all around.

1975 - The UK holds a referendum on remaining in the European Economic Community. They vote overwhelmingly to stay, because come on, they're not idiots.

1989 - Some dude with his groceries becomes the subject of one of the most iconic photos of all time when he decides to stare down a tank. It is later discovered that his massive titanium balls were weighing him to the spot.

2000 - The Six Day War begins between the forces of Uganda and Rwanda within the D.R. Congo city of Kisangani. The sheer amount of detail required for disambiguation purposes to historically denote this war is staggering.

2017 - Montenegro officially joins NATO. Punchline redacted.

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5 hours ago, Illjwamh said:

1915 - Denmark grants women the right to vote. No doubt they are retroactively inspired by the bastion of freedom / greatest country on Earth that will do the same a little over five years later.

You might have also mentioned,

1849 – By the signing of a new constitution, Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.

1953 – By the signing of a new constitution, Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy, again..

And just for good measure, 05 June is also Father's day in Denmark.  Does Denmark deliberately schedule historic events and holidays on the anniversaries of previous historic events?  It does seem like a good way to minimize the number of random dates a history student would be required to remember.

Also, 05 June is promoted by some as the World Day Against Speciesism.  A day when we are asked to look past our own species and see other forms of life not as property or pests but as beings with existence and feelings as valid as our own.  I'M TALKING TO YOU, CATS!

 

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5 hours ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

  Does Denmark deliberately schedule historic events and holidays on the anniversaries of previous historic events?  It does seem like a good way to minimize the number of random dates a history student would be required to remember.

 

 

Funny you should mention that. Their neighbors seemed to have a similar idea.

On June 6 in History:

913 - Byzantine Emperor Alexander III plays polo too hard and literally dies from exhaustion. When ancient kings and conquerors spoke of the nobility and honor of dying on horseback, I somehow don't think this is what they had in mind.

1523 - Bringing an end to the Kalmar Union, Swedish regent Gustav Vasa is elected king, ensuring that everything significant in Sweden will happen on this day until the end of time.

1654 - Swedish Queen Christina abdicates in order to convert to Catholicism, and to avoid having to have children. Closer inspection reveals those two reasons don't really make much sense together.

1808 - Napoleon's brother Joseph is crowned King of Spain. What are the odds?

1809 - Sweden adopts a new constitution, reforming the government. Also, Charles XIII is elected the new king, and presumably a bunch of other things.

1844 - The YMCA is founded in London. It is purportedly fun to stay there.

1889 - The Great Seattle Fire destroys all of downtown. Seriously, the one time you actually want it to rain...

1916 - The Chinese government collapses, falling into the hands of various warlords such as Sun Yat-sen, providing the strongest evidence yet that time is cyclical.

1933 - The world's first Drive-in theater opens in New Jersey. The state's birth rates inexplicably skyrocket less than a year later.

1942 - U.S. forces sink four Japanese carriers and the cruiser Mikuma in the Battle of Midway, which loses a lot of its documentary air time to the next entry.

1944 - The inspiration for countless video games, the D-Day invasion codenamed Operation Overlord begins as British, Canadian and American troops storm the beaches at Normandy. TV time slots are booked through eternity, and several Academy Award statuettes are prepared in advance.

1968 - Robert Kennedy dies of his wounds from the assassination attempt of the previous day. His remaining brother Ted avows to never touch the presidency with a 40 foot pole.

1974 - Sweden becomes a paliamentary monarchy. Thought we were done with them, didn't you?

1984 - Tetris is released. 30 years later, the song is still stuck in everyone's head. You're humming it right now.

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June 07

421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia. The wedding was celebrated at Constantinople.  Word of advice, Theo, every gal in Constantinople lives in Istanbul, not Constantinople.  So if you've a date in Constantinople, she'll be waiting in Istanbul.

1002 – Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany.  What an amazing coincidence.

1654 – Louis XIV is crowned King of France.  There were some problems with his reign.  But for 72 years and 110 days France does not need to change any of the royal inscriptions on seals, coins, buttons, palace stationary, monogramed towels...

1929 – The Lateran Treaty is ratified, by which the State of Vatican City was formally and diplomatically recognized as an independent state under the sovereignty of The Holy See.  This was in no way a stunt by Benito Mussolini to impress Italy's largely Roman Catholic population.

1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. More than five hundred thousand civilians are killed and at least a million more are otherwise affected.  Many survivors of this flood would eventually support the Communist revolution that would bring down the pre-war Chinese government.  Future military leaders may want to seriously reconsider any tactic that could kill half a million of their own civilians.

1975 – Sony introduces the Betamax videocassette recorder for sale to the public.  Certainly this format will maintain technological dominance far into the foreseeable future.

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1 hour ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

1975 – Sony introduces the Betamax videocassette recorder for sale to the public.  Certainly this format will maintain technological dominance far into the foreseeable future.

It does... but that and a quarter will get you a cup of coffee (in 1975).

The people who designed VHS went after market dominance instead, and made a critical correct decision: right from the start, a 2-hour movie - that's a very common length - had to fit on one tape. Betamax, going after (and getting) higher quality, initially couldn't do that, putting only one hour on a tape. Later, after better plastics were developed for the substrate allowing the tape to be thinner, they got two hours, but by then VHS had an insurmountable lead in market dominance.

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1 hour ago, Don Edwards said:

The people who designed VHS went after market dominance instead, and made a critical correct decision: right from the start, a 2-hour movie - that's a very common length - had to fit on one tape. Betamax, going after (and getting) higher quality, initially couldn't do that, putting only one hour on a tape. Later, after better plastics were developed for the substrate allowing the tape to be thinner, they got two hours, but by then VHS had an insurmountable lead in market dominance.

Now I am wondering about the competition between DVD and Blu-Ray.

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Blu-Ray is definitively technically better than DVD, which in turn is better than CD. But they did not sacrifice marketability to get that technical quality, and for that matter while each generation of the media required new players, said new players were backward-compatible with old media.

For that matter, most Blu-Ray media devices can play stuff recorded on CD or DVD in the (different) computer formats, while most CD and DVD media devices can't. So Blu-Ray is effectively more compatible with the older formats than the older formats are.

By the way, the people in Japan who developed the CD format learned a lesson from the VHS/Beta conflict. They picked the longest popular-in-Japan piece of music (Beethoven's 5th or 9th symphony, if I remember correctly), and said "capacity MUST be high enough that THAT fits on one disk, or we don't go to market!". Thus, the standard capacity of a music CD is 64 minutes.

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13 hours ago, Don Edwards said:

The people who designed VHS went after market dominance instead, and made a critical correct decision: right from the start, a 2-hour movie - that's a very common length - had to fit on one tape. Betamax, going after (and getting) higher quality, initially couldn't do that, putting only one hour on a tape. Later, after better plastics were developed for the substrate allowing the tape to be thinner, they got two hours, but by then VHS had an insurmountable lead in market dominance.

I've heard more than once that another critical success for VHS which helped them take over the market was convincing the porn industry to go with their standard.....

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12 hours ago, The Old Hack said:

Now I am wondering about the competition between DVD and Blu-Ray.

DVD was a generation before Blu-Ray, HDDVD was Blu-Ray's competitor, Sony's win was not only due being able to get a number of high profile companies on board, but they also built the Playstation 3 around it which IIRC made it a more expensive console than the Xbox360 (Microsoft apparently licensed Toshiba to make an HDDVD addon for the 360 but who would want to buy extra addons like that for a console?) but was probably the cheapest blu-ray player on the market so it was a good deal for consumers.

7 hours ago, Illjwamh said:

Revenge is a dish best served cold.

It's like Sony learned from the Betamax failure, mind you I think Betamax did find a niche in News programs where high quality video would have been more desireable.

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June 08

218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus and the Killer Rabbit of Caerbannog.

452 – Italy invaded by Attila the Hun.  ...And Saint Attila raised the hand grenade up on high, saying, "O LORD, bless this Thy hand grenade that with it Thou mayest blow Thine enemies to tiny bits, in Thy mercy." And the LORD did grin and the people did feast upon the lambs and sloths and carp and anchovies and orangutans and breakfast cereals, and fruit bats and...

793 – A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine, "From the fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord."  The raid of the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, marks the beginning of the Viking era in the Britain.  You just know that those darn Jutes, after "migrating" with the Frisians, Saxons, and Angles, would go brag up England to their relatives back on the Baltic.

1042 – Edward the Confessor becomes King of England.  What he fails to confess, at least in a manner to which everyone agrees, is who should be the next king after he dies.

1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.  This goes so well that it is nearly a month and a half before Robespierre is himself guillotined.

1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.  Does this also apply to public citizens with historical value?

1949 – Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.  Perhaps not so coincidentally, on the same day this report is published, George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is also published.

1959 – The USS Barbero and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.  Ok, several countries have experimented with delivering mail by rocket.  And so far it hasn't worked out.  But when it does...

1966 – The National Football League and American Football League announced a merger effective in 1970.  How they convinced the US Government that this wasn't a violation of Anti-Trust laws is something of a mystery.  I'm certain immediately granting an expansion franchise to the hometown of their biggest supporter in congress was just a coincidence.

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2 hours ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

You just know that those darn Jutes, after "migrating" with the Frisians, Saxons, and Angles, would go brag up England to their relatives back on the Baltic.

Look, you know how it is. You get together with the family, the mead starts to flow, and then some goldarn Swedish cousin starts to brag about all the cool stuff he got from the Rus, and you gotta shut him up SOMEHOW.

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10 hours ago, Pharaoh RutinTutin said:

1949 – Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.  Perhaps not so coincidentally, on the same day this report is published, George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is also published.

It's really a pity that most people's knowledge of Helen Keller's life begins and ends with her childhood, because she was a remarkable woman!  She was not the first deaf and blind person to learn to communicate; Charles Dickens had already written about Laura Bridgman's achievements there, which is what inspired her family to go beyond the home sign language they'd relied on until that point.  But she was the first deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor's degree, from Radcliffe College in Harvard University, and went on to become a world-renowned author, public speaker, and activist.

She campaigned for women's rights and suffrage, labor rights, and socialism, as well as advocating for the disabled.  She was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union.  She was not a communist but a member of the Socialist Party.  When she advocate dfor the disabled, she spoke openly about the link between poverty and disability, such as poor factory conditions and diet, as well as women forced into prostitution contracting syphilis, then a leading cause of blindness.  She realized just how lucky she had been to be deaf and blind in a family who could afford to hire specialist teachers and send her to special schools, and fought to help others with disabilities who did not have access to such advantages.

She also carried out a secret love affair, and engagement, and almost eloped.  She enjoyed music through feeling its vibrations.  She traveled to dozens of countries and was friends with fellow radical Mark Twain.  She outlived not only her teacher and companion Anne Sullivan, but her successor Polly Thomson, and her ashes were placed next to theirs in the National Cathedral.  She was not perfect; she was a follower of Swedenborg and a supporter of eugenics.  We tend to picture her in a Victorian or Edwardian setting, but she didn't pass away until 1968!

 

"The few own the many because they possess the means of livelihood of all ... The country is governed for the richest, for the corporations, the bankers, the land speculators, and for the exploiters of labor. The majority of mankind are working people. So long as their fair demands—the ownership and control of their livelihoods—are set at naught, we can have neither men's rights nor women's rights. The majority of mankind is ground down by industrial oppression in order that the small remnant may live in ease."

— Helen Keller, 1911

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